Functional finishing refers to the finishing process that makes the fabric have some special properties. It can be realized by padding functional finishing agents, physical and mechanical surface treatment, coating, lamination, laminating (sticking) film and other methods on the fabric. It can also be achieved by microwave or ultrasonic treatment, plasma treatment, radiation or heat treatment, biological enzyme treatment and other methods.

　　Functional finishing agent processing technology

The functional finishing agent processing technology is aimed at different stages of the textile dyeing and finishing process. It can either directly add functional dyeing auxiliaries in the dyeing vat after dyeing to achieve certain required functionality, or add functional finishing aids during setting. Agents to achieve the functional requirements of the product. For example, the easy-care fabrics are treated with fluorine-containing compounds, silicone oils, paraffin wax and other additives in the hydrophilic segment, which can achieve the effects of waterproof, oil-proof, and anti-fouling (three-proof), and keep the fabric clean and fresh for a long time. Reduce the number of washes. In functional finishing, because the functional additives are mainly attached to the surface of the fabric, it is difficult to penetrate into the fiber, so the durability of the fabric's functional effects is relatively high.

　　Physical mechanical surface finishing technology

　　Physical mechanical surface finishing technology uses mechanical methods to change the shape and luster of the fabric surface, as well as the arrangement of fibers on the surface of the fabric, so as to give the fabric a special appearance and feel style. Its processing methods include softening, calendering, embossing, raising, and sanding.

　　 Coating Finishing Technology

　　Coating finishing is a surface finishing technology in which one or more layers of high polymer (such as polyurethane PU) are uniformly coated on the surface of the fabric to give the fabric a certain function. Coating finishing is to coat the surface of the fabric without penetrating into the interior of the fabric, so the softness of the fiber itself can be maintained, and low-grade base fabrics can be made into high-grade fabrics. The main purpose of coating finishing is to change the appearance and style of the fabric. Depending on the coating materials and finishing agents used, many new functions can be added to the fabric, such as waterproof, moisture permeability, anti-fouling, anti-mildew, anti-static, and anti-infrared. , Anti-ray, anti-drilling, wear-resistant, oil-proof, water pressure-resistant, reflective, flame-retardant elasticity, crisp, soft, etc.

　　 Laminated composite technology

　　Fabric laminating technology refers to bonding two or more layers of fabrics together, or bonding fabrics with polymer films and other flexible sheets to form a composite with multiple functions. Laminated fabrics are divided into two-layer composite, three-layer composite and multi-layer composite, as well as cloth and cloth, cloth and PUR foam material, cloth and rubber, cloth and leather, cloth and paper, cloth and non-woven fabric, cloth and film Various types of composite materials. Laminated composite technology can combine various useful properties of fabrics to produce various functional composite materials such as windproof, waterproof, moisture permeability, and warmth retention. In the past two years, due to the better stability of composite products, more and more composite products, especially three-layer composite products, such as four-sided elastic composite film and composite polar grain products, woven composite film and composite warp knitted fabric products, machine Weaving cloth composite PUR foam material and composite weft knitting products, etc.

　　New technology in function organization

The role of modern high-tech in textile finishing has become greater and greater. For example, nanotechnology, plasma technology, ultrasonic technology, microwave technology, microcapsule technology, biological enzyme technology, graphene finishing technology, etc. have been used in textile dyeing and finishing. It has been widely used. These technologies maintain or even improve the quality of textiles while shortening processing time, reducing environmental pollution and saving energy. Because nanoparticles have larger specific surface area, volume ratio and higher surface energy, and TiO2, Al2O3, ZnO, MgO, SiO2 and other nanoparticles have photocatalytic activity, conductivity, ultraviolet absorption and photooxidation capabilities, they can Nanoparticles and fibers have a good affinity and can endow fabrics with many functions. Therefore, the use of nanotechnology can effectively produce ultra-strong, durable and special-functional textiles for a wide range of uses; plasma technology is a clean, energy-efficient , The process of uniform processing, and its application research in textile finishing mainly focuses on the following aspects: improve the anti-felting performance of wool, increase the hydrophilicity of the fiber, increase the bonding force of the fiber and the polymer matrix, and make the fiber hydrophobic and oleophobic Performance, various functional finishing such as anti-wrinkle, flame retardant, antibacterial and antistatic, etc.; the role of ultrasonic in textile finishing can be divided into three types: dispersion, degassing and diffusion. It can be used for fabric softening, fluorine-containing water-repellent finishing, Resin anti-wrinkle finishing, bonding in laminated composite processing, auxiliary nano-particle functional finishing, etc., have the advantages of accelerating the reaction rate, reducing processing time, reducing chemical consumption and energy loss, and improving product quality; microwave radiation can cause (excitation) Molecule rotation promotes the rupture of chemical bonds. It is widely used in textile finishing. It can be used in non-iron finishing, flame-retardant finishing, waterproof and oil-proof finishing, wool anti-felting finishing and other processing; use microcapsules to slow down The characteristics of release, foaming and isolation. Various functional finishing agents can be made into microcapsules for various functional finishing of textiles, such as anti-wrinkle and non-ironing, anti-pilling, flame-retardant, anti-static, water- and oil-proof Dirt, shrink-proof, anti-ultraviolet radiation, anti-bacterial, deodorant, fragrance, etc.; the use of biological enzyme finishing technology can improve the dyeing performance of cotton and wool fabrics, soften cotton and linen fabrics, and perform anti-felting processing on wool fabrics. Fabrics are processed with peach skin; graphene has excellent mechanical properties, thermal conductivity, barrier properties and extremely high electron mobility. Graphene oxide is the oxide of graphene, which has active groups and water solubility, so Its reactivity is stronger, and it is more convenient to use than graphene under certain special conditions. Both have a wide range of applications in antibacterial, antistatic, anti-ultraviolet, flame-retardant, waterproof, thermal and other functional finishing.